February 10, 2025

CT Construction Digest Monday February 10, 2025

$175M project in Norwalk to transform Route 7-Merritt Parkway interchange may start in 2027

Kalleen Rose Ozanic

NORWALK — Motorists looking to more easily make connections between Route 7 and the Merritt Parkway in Norwalk will have to wait a bit longer for upgrades in the Connecticut Department of Transportation's interchange improvement program to come to fruition.

Neil Patel, principal engineer in the DOT's Major Highways Unit, anticipated last summer that construction on the $175 million project could begin in 2026. Now, a 2027 start for construction is more likely as Patel said he expects the project to move from its current preliminary design phase to the final design phase this summer. Motorists for years have called for improvements to the interchange involving the Route 7 connector, Main Avenue and the Merritt Parkway, also known as Route 15. 

“We have completed and received federal approval on the preferred alternative and that was received in August of last year, 2024,” Patel said, although DOT is “not starting the construction project for the interchange job for another few years.” 

The plan, Alternative 26, calls for five traffic signals to regulate the flow of vehicles entering and exiting the highways; four new bridges; a replacement bridge; and new roadways on Norwalk's Main Avenue and Creeping Hemlock Drive; and new ramps that make Route 7, the Merritt Parkway and Main Avenue more accessible to each other, according to DOT's documentation from 2023.

The final design phase will ideally be completed in 2026, but could stretch into 2027 given the complexity of the project, Patel said.

“Construction would follow upon design completion and approval of all permits and funding being in place,” he said. “Tentatively, that's scheduled to start in 2027.”

The project aims to directly connect Route 7 and the Merritt Parkway, Patel said. Right now, motorists driving south on the Merritt cannot exit directly to either the southbound or northbound lanes of Route 7 and drivers on both sides of Route 7 cannot exit to the northbound lanes of the Merritt.

The project will also create a space more integrated for pedestrians, bicyclists and motorists to share the road, Patel said.

“We're going to have pedestrian and bicycle accommodations on Main (Avenue),” Patel said.

City of Norwalk spokesperson Skylar Eagle said the city is excited about the DOT interchange project.

"We believe the overall design goals will simplify traffic movements, allowing a more seamless connection between the Merritt Parkway and Route 7," Eagle said in an email. "City staff continues to work with the CTDOT team on improvements to local roads while ensuring a connection for the Norwalk River Valley Trail."

Advocates were concerned in 2023 that access to the trail, which will eventually connect to Danbury, would be cut short.

All of the project's parts and the need to replace bridges makes it even more complex, Patel said.

“How do we construct it while maintaining the traffic that's there today?” he said.

The answer is not yet entirely clear — staged construction will play a role, though it gives “construction crews a much smaller work area,” Patel said.

But finer details of the construction rollout, such as lane closures, will develop during the final design phase slated to begin this summer, Patel said. In that phase, Patel said DOT will also determine how the landscape and aesthetics will be incorporated into the interchange project.

Patel, who said he grew up in Norwalk, said access between the two major regional routes is critical.

“I know the importance of mobility in that region,” Patel said. “Completing the interchange at Route 7 and Route 15 has always been a focus of many folks. It improves mobility.”

Part of the interchange project will also update “hazardous” ramps along the routes that will also offer connection to Main Avenue, he said.

DOT will hold a public meeting in the spring to inform the public more about the interchange project, Patel said.


Could widening I-84 reduce traffic between Waterbury and Danbury?

Alex Putterman

State Rep. Mitch Bolinsky, a Newtown Republican, is no stranger to traffic on Interstate-84.

He knows the bottlenecks along his route from his home to the State Capitol in Hartford, including places where traffic merges in what he deems a chaotic or unsafe way, leading to frequent accidents. And he knows he's not alone in the frustration.

"I experience it every day," Bolinsky said. "But the most important thing is, I hear from the constituents every day."

And so Bolinsky has proposed a possible solution, submitting a proposed bill calling for Connecticut's Department of Transportation to study adding an additional traffic lane along more than 30 miles of I-84, from Exit 7 in Danbury through Exit 20 in Waterbury, both eastbound and westbound.

"The economic future of Connecticut is tied to our transportation system," Bolinsky said. "If we don't have the capacity to handle the traffic that's flowing through here, it's going to find another way."

Though the bill, which has been referred to the legislature's Transportation Committee, isn't likely to pass, Bolinsky said his primary goal is to "start some conversation" around the issue.

The primary question: Would adding a lane to the highway actually reduce traffic?

Research has shown that adding lanes does, as one would expect, relieve congestion in the short-term. Within a few years, though, studies show wider highways typically attract more cars, which lead to increased traffic once again. 

This principle, known as "induced demand," has led some advocates and policymakers to oppose adding lanes to roads as a way of mitigating traffic. As they see it, making highways wider costs enormous sums of money without meaningfully reducing congestion.

"It doesn't work," said Jay Stange, Transport Hartford coordinator for the Center for Latino Progress. "Inevitably, that extra capacity draws additional interest in using (the highway) until eventually that's full and you end up with a 20-lane interstate with 10 lanes going in either direction."

Stange lamented that I-84 cuts through Connecticut's cities, and expressed hope the state would move away from its reliance on highways as part of its near- and long-term development plans.

Still, fears over induced demand haven't stopped highway expansion projects nationwide, from Texas to Massachusetts to, yes, Connecticut.

Bolinsky said in this instance, I-84 in western Connecticut has been barely upgraded in decades, and it's not sustainable to have just two lanes in each direction, in contrast with segments east of Waterbury that have three lanes or more.

"The backups are pretty monumental," he said of the location.

A spokesperson for the Department of Transportation noted the state recently completed a $223 million project to upgrade the interchange between I-84 and Route 8 in Waterbury — an area of exits and ramps known locally as the mixmaster — and is currently exploring options to reduce congestion in the Danbury area.

Bolinksy has also proposed other pieces of transit-related legislation this session, including a bill that would increase the use of automated traffic enforcement on highways and another that would bar GPS devices from detouring drivers toward local roads.

Stange argues the best way to alleviate traffic on highways is to build a society less reliant on cars, by such measures as improving public transit options and building more housing near train stations. This would additionally provide environmental benefits, reducing pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.

"Everybody is now stuck driving in a car, often by themselves, everywhere they go," he said. "And if you try and change the system by adding extra pavement, it's really a zero sum game. It's impossible."

The Transportation Committee will consider a number of bills during the current legislative session, including proposals to fully restore service on the Shore Line East rail linereform laws around towing practices and allow high school students to more easily access public transportation.


High-profile apartment buildings are going up from Fairfield to Shelton in 2025

Brian LockhartBrian GioieleRichard ChumneyJarrod WardwellShaniece Holmes-Brown

Apartment buildings are popping up from Fairfield to Shelton. 

Some are mixed-use and feature commercial aspects like Trumbull Center with its planned retail on the ground floor. Others are purely residential, such as a new 100-unit building on Lordship Boulevard in Stratford. Some had smooth sailing through Planning and Zoning boards, while others faced headwinds including lawsuits before getting stamps of approval. 

Residential projects in Bridgeport-area to watch

Here are some big projects in the Bridgeport area where construction of apartments is expected to start or continue in 2025. Hover over each dot to see details.

Here are some big projects in the Bridgeport area where construction is expected to start or continue in 2025.

Trumbull Center, Trumbull

The Planning and Zoning Commission unanimously approved plans to build a 50-unit, five-story mixed-use building in April.

The project was proposed by Peter Dinardo Enterprises, the owner of Trumbull Center. Two of the center's current buildings at 900 White Plains Road — one that housed a former Starbucks and another that was a professional building – were demolished in December.

The top four floors be residential and the bottom floor of the building feature retail, along with amenities to be used by residents such as a meeting room, gym and lobby.

The Crossings at Fairfield Metro, Fairfield

The first of five apartment buildings planned across from the Fairfield-Black Rock train station, formerly named Fairfield Metro, is set to open on Ash Creek Boulevard later this year.

The building, whose construction had stalled through much of 2024, will contain 70 units as part of what will eventually be a much larger mixed-use development along Ash Creek. Developers plan to build 287 more apartments and a 118-room hotel while reserving tens of thousands of square feet for office and retail space. 

The project has been decades in the making and broke ground in 2022.

Langanke’s Landing, Shelton

Construction is underway on the property that formerly housed Langanke’s Florist and Greenhouses at 1055 Bridgeport Ave.

Langanke’s Landing, LLC, received approval to remove the former florist structure and construct a four-story, 48,648-square-foot structure with 55 apartments and 93 parking spaces.

Development of the property was delayed due a suit filed by the owners against the city in May. The landowner won its suit in August allowing construction to commence.

Lordship Boulevard, Stratford

Construction on a new 100-unit apartment building at 225 Lordship Blvd. is expected to start early this year after Stratford zoning officials approved plans to increase the number of units designated as affordable housing.  

The four-story building will be constructed next to the old Stratford Hotel and Conference Center, which was recently converted by Stamford-based Empire Residential into a 69-unit apartment building. 

Empire, which owns the once-dilapidated 4.7-acre site, is also developing the new building. According to site plans, the building will include a mix of studios, one-bedroom units and two-bedroom apartments. 

Representatives for the developer have said the market-rate studios would likely be rented at $1,200 to $1,400 a month, while the 36 deed-restricted units would go for around $800 to $900 a month. 

The structure will also feature a gym, a parking garage on the first level and more than 1,000 square feet of commercial space, the plans show. Construction is expected to take 18 to 24 months to complete.

Cedar Village at the Locks, Shelton

Shelton developer Don Stanziale, known for building Cedar Village at Carrolls and Riverwalk Place, both along Howe Avenue, said he expects his project at the end of Shelton’s Canal Street will begin this year. 

Stanziele, owner of Midland Development and Contracting, said work on Cedar Village at the Locks at 287 Canal St. is expected to be completed in in 2026. 

The four-story structure – on property known as the Ascom Hasler site – will have 129 apartments and 1,745 square feet of retail space. 

Stanziale said his plans for the end of Canal Street also call for him to complete the Riverwalk and create a seating area so people can look over the Shelton canal locks and the Housatonic River. The new building would have views of the river. 

River Road, Shelton

The developer B-WIZZ will be constructing a four-building, 152-unit complex at 453 River Road.

The project calls for the construction of four separate four-story buildings — each with 38 “luxury” apartments — and a 5,500-square-foot clubhouse. Each of the apartment buildings are planned to be 11,800 square feet, according to architectural plans.  

The commission agreed that the developer should designate 20 of the units, or about 13 percent of the apartments, as affordable. That figure is less than the recommendations in the city's affordable housing plan for a development this size, which was approved after the project was proposed.  

The vacant property, which was previously partially zoned commercial but changed to residential as a part of the approval, sits across the street from Cumberland Farms, Hook Line and Sinker and the entrance to Jordan Avenue. 

Cherry Street Lofts, Bridgeport 

A high-profile effort to reclaim historic buildings in a run-down section of the city, Cherry Street Lofts opened in 2018 and consists of 158 affordably-priced housing units and a charter school.

A subsequent phase consisting of 133 units was delayed for several years by legal and financial issues that developer Gary Flocco last summer said are finally straightened out. He is now aiming to break ground in the coming weeks or months.


New Milford approves $449,550 for architect to begin designs for riverfront revitalization project

Kaitlin Keane

NEW MILFORD – The town has taken another step toward creating a blueprint for the revitalization of New Milford’s riverfront area by voting to hire an architectural firm for $449,550 to begin designing the project.

The Town Council approved a motion at its Jan. 27 meeting to authorize Mayor Pete Bass to enter into a contract with WXY Architecture + Urban Design, a New York-based firm, for design, engineering and planning services.

The cost has already been set aside by the town of New Milford, said Liba Fuhrman, chair of the Riverfront Revitalization Committee.

The area covers nearly 60 acres along the Housatonic River, starting at Young’s Field and Bridge Street and going up Housatonic Avenue.

Planning began in the fall of 2016 with the goal of creating “a dynamic 21st-century riverfront integrated with New Milford’s Town Center to catalyze community development, economic resiliency, sustainability and revenue generation while protecting the Housatonic River and its ecosystem,” according to Furhman.

New Milford received a state Brownfield Area-Wide Revitalization Grant totaling $170,000 in 2018 to help pay for the creation of a master plan.

The master plan will refine the project’s conceptual design and “strengthen the function, sense of place, economic vitality and transportation infrastructure of the study area, creating a blueprint for revitalization with a focus on high-quality reuse of town-owned property and private properties,” Fuhrman said. The plan will also provide specific recommendations to guide public and private investments and identify economic opportunities, she said.

The plan will identify key design elements; the design of the park and other publicly owned space along the riverfront corridor; roadway designs; cost estimates; and a list of relevant permitting needed, Fuhrman said.

The town received three proposals, and the Riverfront Revitalization Committee met Dec. 19 and unanimously voted to recommend awarding the contract to WXY Architecture + Design, Fuhrman said.

WXY’s proposal contains “a robust and inclusive community engagement component based on collaboration,” she said.

Some Town Council members expressed concerns about moving forward with the contract without public input. 

Councilwoman Alexandra Thomas said she has been approached by a number of people who are concerned that they “haven’t had an opportunity to say yes or no in referendum with regard to the entire project.”

“Money is being spent each year toward getting all the information together to create a plan to vote on, but in the meantime, they haven’t had a chance on whether to move the project forward,” Thomas said. “There are people who don’t want to do that because we have other things to take care of first.”

But Fuhrman said the money has been appropriated for the Riverfront Revitalization Master Plan and must be used for this purpose. She added the public will have an opportunity to weigh in on the project in the future.


Millstone explores possibility of smaller-scale nuclear reactors

Thresa Sullivan Barger

At Holtec International’s manufacturing facility in Camden, N.J., welders work to seal stainless steel canisters that will be used by an overseas customer to ship spent nuclear fuel.

To ensure the canisters don’t leak, they undergo a series of three tests, including digital radiology to essentially X-ray the welding job, a dye check to discover leaks and a helium leak test because helium will pick up minuscule holes that water or air wouldn’t.

The seven-year-old manufacturing facility produces components for existing nuclear energy facilities and is the future site for manufacturing small modular nuclear reactors (SMRs).

SMRs are advanced nuclear reactors that have a power capacity of up to 300 megawatts per unit, which is about one-third of the power-generating capacity of traditional nuclear power reactors like the Millstone III unit in Waterford. Because they are modular, theoretically, systems and components can be built in a factory, transported and assembled relatively quickly on location.

Once the kinks are worked out, proponents say, they will be quicker and cheaper to get up and running than traditional nuclear reactors. But the first few SMRs in the United States have faced cost overruns and construction delays.

Last November, NuScale, the first nuclear company to receive approval for its SMR design from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, terminated its project with the Utah Associated Municipal Power Systems after rising costs caused local utilities to back out of commitments to buy the energy.

This was after it received millions of dollars from the U.S. Department of Energy. So while industry leaders predict SMRs will provide a reliable, clean, financially efficient source of energy once they’ve reached scale, the costs will be higher in the beginning during the early, developmental stage.

SMRs at Millstone

Holtec has been working on its SMR design for a decade and plans to respond to a request for proposals from Dominion Energy, owner of Millstone Power Station in Waterford, Kelly Trice, president of Holtec International, said in an interview Sept. 23.

“The goal of our reactor is to be able to fit the entire plant on 25 acres,” he said.

Holtec built its SMR design and manufacturing facility along the Delaware River, so the company can ship its SMRs via the river when the time comes.

Dominion may launch an SMR at its North Anna, Va., facility in the early to mid-2030s, if it makes business sense, said Tim Eberly, Dominion spokesman.

“We haven’t committed to building an SMR down here. We’re exploring it,” he said. “We don’t know if we’re going to build. We need to learn a lot more.”

Dominion expects to learn about SMRs through its review of the plans submitted in response to its request for proposals, he said.

If Millstone were to add an SMR to its 526-acre site, said Susan Adams, Dominion’s state policy director for New England, it wouldn’t be built for at least 15 years.

“We are hoping that information gathered through this process will remove some of the risks associated with this new technology and eventually lead to additional SMRs at other Dominion locations,” Adams wrote in an email to The Day.

Millstone provides 47% of Connecticut’s electricity and 90% of its carbon-free electricity.

Changing attitudes on nuclear power

Since 1979, Connecticut had banned adding new sources of nuclear energy until the U.S. government approved a means for the disposal of “high-level nuclear waste.” But in 2022, a bill to allow new nuclear power construction at existing nuclear power generating facilities in the state ― which is just Millstone ― received bipartisan support to meet the state’s plan to reach zero carbon emissions from power plants by 2040.

Gov. Ned Lamont signed House Bill 5202 in May 2022. While other countries move their spent nuclear energy to a storage location, all nuclear facilities in the United States store nuclear waste on-site.

Connecticut’s legislators reflect the changing attitude toward nuclear energy among Americans and climate activists. Consider: The Pew Research Center reports 56% of U.S. adults support expanding nuclear power to generate electricity, according to a May survey. The previous year’s survey was statistically similar.

Author, environmentalist and activist Bill McKibben, co-founder of the climate change movement 350.org, has said nuclear power is essential if the world is going to lessen its dependence on fossil fuels like coal, oil and natural gas.

Swedish climate activist Greta Thunberg argued Germany’s decision to shut down its nuclear plants was a mistake because nuclear was preferable to coal. And James Hansen, a former NASA climate scientist and one of the first to warn about climate change, has been advocating for nuclear energy as an alternative to fossil fuels for years.

Several national and international environmental groups still object to nuclear energy. “The Sierra Club is opposed to new nuclear, including SMR,” said Samantha Dynowski, state director of the Sierra Club’s Connecticut chapter.

“In order to adjust to climate change, we need to lean 100% into renewables, like wind and solar with battery storage. … Nuclear is so costly. It’s multiple times the cost of wind and solar to build,” she said. “In the amount of time it would take to have new nuclear, we could cover the state with solar at a time when we’re trying to eliminate emissions quickly.”

No SMRs yet in U.S.

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has been funding research into SMRs since 2000. There are no SMRs in operation in the United States. The first SMR began commercial operation in late 2019 at Russia’s Akademik Lomonosov, according to the International Atomic Energy Agency. SMRs also operate in China and India.

While the largest SMR could produce 300 MW of energy, the two in Russia produce 35 MWs. There are SMRs in the licensing stage or under construction in Argentina, Canada, China, Russia, South Korea and the United States.

“More than 80 commercial SMR designs being developed around the world target varied outputs and different applications, such as electricity, hybrid energy systems, heating, water desalinization and steam for industrial applications. Though SMRs have lower upfront capital cost per unit, their economic competitiveness is still to be proven in practice once they are deployed,” according to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).

Some SMRs, especially those using coolants other than water, may generate new forms of radioactive waste, the IAEA reported. Therefore, countries planning to deploy SMRs must plan to manage these new types of waste.

Holtec, a privately held company with more than 200 patents, has been designing its SMR for the past decade with input from the NRC along the way.

“Our goal is to have a plant be able to start construction and be on the grid in 36 months,” Trice said. “Our first one will probably be slower. We design them all the same and manufacture them in a factory in a novel concept called an assembly line.”

Traditional, large nuclear plants take more than a decade to get up and running before they start generating income. The company plans to have its first SMR approved, assembled and operational by 2030 at the site of a nuclear power plant in Palisades, Mich.

The customers who buy the SMRs will prepare the site and lay the concrete and the SMR will be shipped in pieces “to the field with as little work on-site as possible. Even the walls of the structure would come from the factory,” Thrice said.

The modular method of construction will keep building costs down in order to keep the cost for power output lower than with traditional, full-size reactors, said proponents such as Katie Austgen, project manager for new nuclear with the Nuclear Energy Institute.

“Advanced nuclear reactors are small enough that they can be part of integrated energy systems, for example, where their waste heat can be used to meet local heating requirements,” she said.

SMRs have had a rocky start in the U.S. In NuScale’s case, the company initially estimated that it would charge $58 per megawatt, but when it raised its target price to $89 per megawatt, the community-owned utility companies in the western U.S. decided against subscribing to purchase energy.

And yet, a Bank of America Global Research report from May 2023 concluded that when analyzing the life of nuclear power stations and their outputs, “industry research suggests that, after accounting for efficiency, storage needs, the cost of transmission, and other costs, nuclear power plants are one of the least expensive sources of energy.”

Safety measures

SMRs are intended to be simpler so that fewer people are needed to operate them, Trice said. SMR manufacturers have studied what went wrong with the world’s three major nuclear accidents to learn from them, Austgen said.

“The goal is a 100% passive safety system. No human operator has to do anything in the event of an accident for the plant to be able to make itself safe. If that’s the case, you would be able to operate with far fewer people,” Thrice said.

The system would rely on natural properties such as gravity so there would be no need for human intervention, he said.

“For instance, the main plant loop is a closed water cycle, and it’s designed for natural circulation, which means when the reactor shuts down, it can shut itself down. It still gives off heat, and that heat needs to be discharged, and so essentially what would happen is the water would circulate between the steam generator and the reactor in perpetuity until the plant no longer gave off sufficient heat to matter,” he said.

One of the selling features of SMRs is that they do not need to be located next to a body of water to supply water for cooling the reactor. They could be placed in the middle of the desert, Trice said. Holtec is designing its SMR to be either air-cooled, water-cooled or a combination of both.

“In our case, what we’re proposing, the cooling tower sucks water in and discharges water out. Our thesis is you can use air cooling. Water inside the plant gets hot when it’s in the reactor; it turns the turbine and makes steam. After the steam is done, it’s still got some hot residue that has to be dealt with. You can ‘reject’ that heat to the air,” he said. ‘Rejecting’ is the term used for getting rid of heat.

It works like a convection oven, with fans pushing air through the pipes to cool them, he said. It’s like what happens to the water when someone takes a shower. The water comes out of the faucet warm and cools as it hits the body, and as the water cools, it gives off steam, he said.

Nuclear industry leaders are well aware of public concern about safety, given the accidents at Three Mile Island in Pennsylvania in 1979, at Chernobyl in Ukraine in 1986 and at Fukushima in Japan in 2011.

Despite public perception, nuclear energy is safer than coal, oil, natural gas, wind and solar when comparing deaths from energy-related accidents per unit of electricity, according to the World Nuclear Association. Our World in Data, a project of the nonprofit Global Change Data Lab, reports that when factoring deaths from accidents and air pollution, solar is the only form of energy safer than nuclear, per terawatt hour of electricity production.

Holtec, like others designing SMRs, is “designing a plant that doesn’t need an offsite response beyond the plant boundary. So essentially the plant is on about 25 acres or so,” he said. “Today if you were to look at nuclear plants, they have emergency exclusion zones, which means if there’s some sort of safety incident in the plant, the towns have to shelter and have drills and things like that. In our case, we’re designing a plant where that won’t be necessary. So, in theory, you could put it into the center of a population and be just fine because the accident scenarios postulated would not create a safety problem” for the nearby community.

The bottom line

The state Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP) studied SMRs and advanced nuclear reactors and, in a report released in April, it concluded that cost remains the single largest barrier to deployment of SMRs in New England.

“Cost risk poses a particularly high barrier to deployment for first-of-a-kind and subsequent early projects in a deregulated regional electric market like Connecticut and New England. State policy tools to mitigate and equitably distribute this risk are more limited in such markets. Studies from the federal DOE and others suggest that advanced nuclear technologies may become cost-competitive in the future. However, this cost competitiveness has not yet been demonstrated and is unlikely to be realized until these technologies move beyond initial projects and are deployed at scale,” the report said.

The authors wrote, “Advanced reactors and their associated fuel cycles can reduce carbon emissions, improve economic competitiveness, reduce environmental impacts, and enhance nuclear safety and proliferation resistance.” They have the potential to help meet decarbonization mandates and, because they operate 24/7/365, they can help meet winter reliability needs, the report continued.

DEEP officials are staying abreast of SMRs’ progress.

"Connecticut is always looking at diverse energy options to meet our climate and energy goals,” said DEEP Commissioner Katie Dykes. “Small modular reactor technology continues to make progress. DEEP is monitoring deployments in other regions, and exploring local feasibility studies and investment strategies that can help make SMRs an option for New England in the future.”