June 20, 2023

CT Construction Digest Tuesday June 20, 2023

I-95 collapse in Philadelphia echoes Mianus River Bridge disaster 40 years ago: We 'lived through it'


JESSICA SIMMS

GREENWICH — Forty years ago this month, the bridge carrying Interstate 95 over the Mianus River in Cos Cob collapsed in the middle of the night.

When Toni Boucher, former state senator and co-chairwoman of the General Assembly's Transportation Committee, heard about the collapse of part of Interstate 95 in Philadelphia earlier this week, she said it "absolutely" reminded her about what happened in Cos Cob, almost exactly four decades earlier.

Boucher said she used to drive over the Mianus River Bridge at least twice a week with her then three young kids in the back of her car. So she said the bridge collapse hit close to home for her. 

"You imagine yourself in one of those horror movies where the car is dangling off of a bridge, a lot of those action movies and so forth," she said. "This was really happening and it was reality. It was very frightening." 

As a result of two corroded pin-and-hanger assemblies, a 100-foot section of the Mianus River Bridge collapsed into the waterway shortly after midnight on June 28, 1983. Two cars and two tractor-trailer trucks fell 70 feet, killing three drivers and injuring three others.

Those that heard the collapse described it as "a thunderous boom," according to an article in the June 29, 1983 edition of The Advocate.

"'I heard what sounded like an explosion," Riverside resident Gordon Gilman told The Advocate. "Many individuals pitched into help at scene. ... I called 911 immediately and told them the bridge had collapsed and to come to the end of Buxton Landing. The police and rescue truck responded very quickly  — within a few minutes."

Rescue workers recovered people from cars and in a wreckage of beef that fell off of a tractor-trailer truck into the water.

“It was scary as all hell,” Brad Schlegel, volunteer with the Cos Cob ambulance corps, said at the time. “It was spooky — you really couldn’t see what you had.”

Almost 40 years later, another part of I-95 crumbled, this time caused by a driver who lost control of their truck.

On June 11, a truck driver that was hauling gasoline lost control on an I-95 off-ramp and flipped on its side. This ignited a fire that collapsed the northbound lanes and damaged the southbound lanes, according to The Associated Press.

The driver, Nathaniel Moody, 53, died in the accident and authorities said he was heading north to deliver fuel to a convenience store when he lost control, The AP reported.

Jim Cameron, a commuter advocate and founder of the Commuter Action Group, said what has come out of the early investigations shows that the incident was a "different kind of experience" as the fire that came after the crash impacted the I-95 structure.

"I do not think it was structural lack of inspection," Cameron said.

However, the Mianus River Bridge collapse was caused due to poor structure upkeep.

According to the June 29, 1983 issue of The Advocate, residents had "warned the state for years the bridge was dangerous."

"I called the maintenance people in March, and so did my neighbors," Gilman said back in 1983. "We told them the bridge was noisy, vibrating and dangerous."

First Selectman Fred Camillo said the Mianus River Bridge collapse was a "wake-up call" when it comes to ensuring the safety of roads and bridges.

"You're driving along and you have no idea what's underneath you and what condition it's in," Camillo said. "Any lessons to be learned are always to fund and maintain the routine maintenance checks. That is critical. You can never ever skip on that. It's just a reminder that if it happens anywhere, it can happen here and it certainly did happen here in our backyard. Those of us who lived in Greenwich at the time will never forget it. … We actually lived through it.”

On July 1, 1984, the General Assembly created the Special Transportation Fund, which was dedicated to maintaining and improving the state’s transportation system. Just a few days later on July 9, 1984, the state created the Office of Bridges and Structures to inspect and create safe bridges on the state’s highways, according to the Department of Transportation's website

The state is responsible to inspect around 4,000 state-owned bridges, along with about 1,000 municipal bridges that are longer than 20 feet. Also, bridges engineered like the Mianus River Bridge with its "pin and hanger" were modified to prevent future collapses and new ones of that type banned.

“I think the DOT learned a crucial lesson from (the Mianus River Bridge collapse) and I don’t think anybody at the DOT will allow that kind of structural failure due to lack of inspection ever again in their professional careers,” Cameron said.

Still, Cameron said the Philadelphia I-95 incident brings up other highway safety issues including inspecting, increasing state police control and cracking down on highway speeders.

“I-95 is either constantly in bumper-to-bumper conditions because of traffic or – and I can hear this at night – there are people out there speeding, just in incredible road races in the middle of the night and that’s not safe especially if you’re driving through a work zone area,” Cameron said. 


I-95 collapse in Philadelphia evokes memories of similar 2004 incident in Bridgeport


RICHARD CHUMNEY

BRIDGEPORT — When Scott Appleby, the city’s director of emergency management, saw the news that part of Interstate 95 in Philadelphia had collapsed earlier this month due to a large truck fire, his thoughts almost immediately turned to 2004. 

On an early spring evening nearly two decades ago, a similar scene unfolded on the same interstate in Bridgeport after a sedan struck a Mack tanker, igniting an explosion that halted traffic along one of the country’s most traveled highways.  

“The fire looked as if it was a tornado,” Appleby, a longtime city official, said in an interview last week. “I remember the heat. This was March and it felt like I was in the middle of August.”

Though no one was seriously injured, the ensuing blaze burned through about 8,000 gallons of home heating oil and melted an elevated section of the roadway near Exit 26, forcing crews to redirect tens of thousands of vehicles through city streets. 

Appleby said his thoughts are with officials and motorists in the City of Brotherly Love who are experiencing the same level of disruption his own city faced for several days while crews raced to build a temporary bridge.  

“Philadelphia is going to have their hands full,” he said. 

Traffic came to a standstill on I-95 in north Philadelphia on June 11 after a gasoline truck overturned beneath an overpass and caught fire, killing the driver and causing the northbound section of the bridge to collapse. The southbound span was later removed after officials uncovered structural issues. 

In an approach similar to the one Connecticut officials took 19 years ago, Pennsylvania Gov. Josh Shapiro announced Wednesday that construction crews have begun building a temporary road at the site of the collapsed overpass. 

“I want to get this road reopened as quickly as possible,” Shapiro said at a news conference. 

It is not yet clear how long it will take until cars will be allowed to travel on the temporary structure. Crews are working to fill the area under the since-destroyed bridge with recycled glass so it can support a provisional six-lane highway. A permanent replacement for the bridge will likely take months to complete.   

In Bridgeport, contractors managed to install an erector set-like structure to replace the road’s damaged southbound lanes in just six days — a feat Appleby credited to close collaboration between city, state and federal officials. The U.S. Department of Transportation allocated more than $13 million for the repairs. 

“We were fortunate enough that we were able to work together and get ourselves back to normalcy,” he said.  

Still, traffic delays persisted along I-95 due to reduced speeds on the temporary span and the multimillion dollar effort to restore the bridge permanently. Ken Flatto, who was serving as first selectman in nearby Fairfield at the time, said the backups inconvenienced thousands of commuters and bus riders for several weeks.  

“There was a lot of spillover to local roads,” he recalled. 

But unlike in Philadelphia, officials in Bridgeport only needed to build a temporary structure for half of the roadway. The steel girders on the northbound side were largely spared from the fire, which allowed traffic to continue on those lanes before the temporary bridge was in place.  

A state police investigation later determined that the 18-year-old driver of a 1987 Toyota Corolla caused the crash when they abruptly crossed lanes and clipped the tanker. The driver of the Toyota was issued a ticket for failure to drive in the established lane and fined $128. 

Appleby said both crashes are good reminders to remain vigilant and cautious while driving, especially in an age of cell phones and other distractions. He noted that state Department of Transportation data shows fatal crashes in Connecticut jumped to the highest levels in the last five years in 2022

“People need to stay alert and they have to share the roadway,” he said. “It only takes one split second for something to occur and cause a crash of this magnitude that unfortunately is going to disrupt a lot of folk’s lives.”  


CTDOT to install advanced wrong-way signs on highway ramps in Bridgeport, Norwalk, Westport

Kalleen Rose Ozanic

As the state experiences an increase in highway crashes caused by wrong-way drivers, the Connecticut Department of Transportation has identified 236 “high-risk” highway ramps across the state that will receive advanced “wrong way” signs.

The DOT expects about 50 signs to be installed in 2023, nine of which will be in Bridgeport, Norwalk and Westport.

There will be three new wrong-way signs in Bridgeport, four in Norwalk and two new signs in Westport on a variety of different highways.

According to Josh Morgan, a spokesperson for the DOT, these new wrong way signs are a “mitigation treatment” for dangerous accidents that occur when motorists drive on the wrong side of a limited access highway.

The greatest factor in determining which of Connecticut’s over 700 ramps would get new signs is proximity to a location that serves alcohol, Morgan said.

These 236 high-risk ramps, including the nine local ramps, often have the on- and off-ramps next to each other — which can make it easier for impaired drivers to merge onto the wrong ramp, he said.

The signs will  be installed at Exit 17 on northbound and southbound I-95 in Westport; at southbound Exit 40A on the Merritt Parkway, at the terminus of northbound Route 7, at Exit 2 of northbound Route 7 and at Exit 14 of southbound I-95 in Norwalk; and at Exit 5 on both northbound and southbound Route 8 and Exit 29 of southbound I-95 in Bridgeport. 

Wrong-way driving crashes in Connecticut tripled in 2022, according to Gov. Ned Lamont's office. Last year, 13 wrong-way crashes resulted in 23 deaths, compared to four wrong-way fatal crashes in 2021 and two in 2020. In January, state Rep. Quentin "Q" Williams of Middletown was killed by a wrong-way driver after leaving Lamont's inaugural ball, casting a spotlight on the issue.

Most wrong-way driving happens during impaired driving, Morgan said.

Unless a crash or accident happens, most motorists driving on the wrong side of the road will go unreported, he said. So the most efficient way to determine ramp locations for the signs is to put them where instances of impaired driving are more likely, he said.

“Unfortunately, these crashes are usually fatal,” Morgan said.

These signs can help twofold: they can notify authorities regardless of a crash, meaning faster emergency dispatch if a crash does happen, Morgan said.

The new signs differ from conventional wrong way signs because of advanced technology supplied by TAPCO, a company that provides traffic safety solutions.

The new signs will be equipped with cameras that identify when cars drive the wrong way, Morgan said. Once identified, the signs’ lights will start flashing and it will notify the closest state police barracks and DOT Highway Operations Center of the wrong-way driver.

The cameras will be affixed to nearby poles or the poles to which the wrong way signs are attached, he said.

The TAPCO website says its technology can reduce wrong-way events by 38 percent, according to a Texas A&M University study for the Texas Transportation Institute.

According to Joseph Dinho, public information officer at the Norwalk Police Department, there were 65 DUI arrests in Norwalk between Jan. 1 and May 31, 2023. He said he favors installation of the wrong-way signs.

“This is excellent,” he said in an email. “Anything that can be done to keep the public safe is a huge plus!”

Administrative police Lt. Eric Woods said the Westport Police Department favors the technology, which can make Connecticut highways safer.

“Anything they can do that can help reduce the likelihood of wrong-way drivers, we’d support that,” Woods said.

The DOT's Morgan said the signs can make a difference as a secondary precaution, with safe driving as the first precaution.

“The biggest thing that could help is driving sober, but we have a responsibility to help with these signs,” Morgan said.

But the DOT has not yet completed construction on any of the signs due to supply chain issues, Morgan said.

Because of this, it is “unclear” when groundbreaking will take place, but Morgan said the Department of Transportation hopes to begin installing signs by late June or early July. 

He said it is difficult to pinpoint how long each signs’ installation will take. The signs will either be hard-wired or solar-powered, and the hard-wired signs will take longer to put in place.


On Norwalk River, removal of 'vanity' dam is 'biggest thing we can do to improve' waterway's health

Jarret Liotta

WILTON — An extensive dam deconstruction project underway on the Norwalk River is meant to improve the health of the body of water and even help the so-called “vampire fish” return to the river.  

The work to remove the dam in Wilton is orchestrated by Trout Unlimited, a national nonprofit that aims to restore rivers and streams to foster more fishing opportunities for trout and salmon.

Its Mianus Chapter, which is based in Wilton — working in conjunction with Save the Sound, a New Haven-based nonprofit aiming to improve Long Island Sound’s water quality — has been trying to move forward the $2.7 million Dana Dam removal project for decades.

According to the groups, with removal of the dam, 20 miles of the river north of Long Island Sound will see a return of certain fish, including sea lamprey, and the original ecosystems will potentially be restored to the waterway. Work along the shores of the river, including native tree planting, will also help mitigate flooding in some places, as well as ultimately play a part in filtering toxins in runoff.

“This project is the biggest thing we can do to improve the health of the Norwalk River,” said Gerald Berrafati, Mianus Chapter president, who led a June 4 tour of the project at Merwin Meadows in Wilton, along with Alex Krofta, ecological restoration project manager with Save the Sound.

He explained that the cement dam was originally constructed decades ago in order to create a swimming pond, making it what he called a “vanity dam.”

Because the river is now much higher north of the dam, a series of stone “ripples” will be installed that will allow the water to run down more gradually. Consequently, lamprey and other fish that seek to spawn upstream will be able to make that journey unimpeded.

“It’s a very altered system,” said Krofta. “It’s been completely changed from the original river channel.”

In 2018, the obsolete Flock Process Dam was removed from the river in Norwalk in a $1.7 million project that included state, federal and local involvement. As a result, for the first time in 125 years, he said, the native sea lamprey have appeared in the Norwalk River.

Once reviled, known as the “vampire fish,” in recent years lampreys have become recognized as important participants in North American ecosystems.

Part of the construction project involves crafting how the river will meander, with some of the banks getting “armored” in order to keep the course from heading closer into manmade infrastructure, such as the nearby railroad branch line.

“We can’t just let the river do its thing,” Krofta said. “We have to take a more active approach.”

The project, which has received the blessing of the town and several area environmental groups, required various state approvals, including that of the Department of Transportation.

Working during the river’s “low flow” summer season, Krofta said the bulk of the work is due to be completed by the end of summer, with some cool-weather plantings taking place in the fall.

Having created a large woodchip-covered roadway through the forest area to abet access for construction vehicles, the hope is that the area will see repair when the work is done.

“We’re very interested in the environmental restoration of this trail,” said Samia Wiest of Wilton.

“We live down the street and we’re always walking this trail,” she said.

Several people who attended the tour expressed their approval, including Diane Lauricella, founding president of the Norwalk River Watershed Association.

“I think it’s terrific,” she said, applauding the work it took to make it happen.

“The Norwalk River had been manipulated for so many decades and the flood of '55 really changed its future,” she said, but this kind of work could ultimately return it to its original condition.

Lauricella explained that a thriving ecosystem along the river will lead to better soil and sediment, which in turn can produce more transformative bacteria that can help filter and potentially process some pollutants before they reach the water.


Major CT developer proposes 3 apartment buildings in Rocky Hill, 10% ‘affordable’ units

DON STACOM 

The Simon Konover Co. is planning to expand its Stepny Place apartment complex with 72 new units, including 10% set aside as affordable housing.

Konover, among the largest real estate development and residential property owners in Connecticut, wants to build three multi-story apartment buildings along with an amenities center on land alongside Stepny Place’s existing 171 units.

Konover’s request for site plan approval goes to a hearing of the planning and zoning commission on Wednesday at 6:30 p.m. at town hall.

The roughly 3 acres that would be developed are all behind commercial businesses facing the Silas Deane Highway, less than a minute drive from the I-91 interchange.

So far there has been no sign of neighborhood opposition or support, possibly because the project is along an already intensely developed commercial thoroughfare that’s mostly shielded from nearby homes.

Mayor Lisa Marotta said Friday that the project could be a benefit for the town since it would create new housing and also provide amenities that can be shared by tenants of the existing 139 units at Stepny Place.

“It will have a clubhouse that can be used by existing tenants, and it can add business for all the mom and pop shops near there,” Marotta said.

Konover’s zoning application doesn’t specify the sizes of the new apartments or what they’d rent for. The current Stepny Place units include studios along with one-, two- and three-bedroom configurations, ranging in square footage from 438 square feet to 1,600 for a three-bedroom with two bathrooms.

Stepny Place in Rocky Hill. (Don Stacom/The Hartford Courant)

If the town gives its approval and Konover constructs the new units, Stepny Place would end up with a total of 26 studios, 102 one-bedroom units, 105 two-bedroom units and 10-three bedroom apartments. Konover is proposing to add enough parking for the expansion that the total project would have 388 spaces.

The plan is to use several partly wooded acres on the Stepny Place property to construct three three-story buildings with 24 apartments each. The expansion would also include a 4,410-square-foot community building for all Stepny Place tenants.

Konover operates the existing Stepny Place buildings as part of its inventory of 34 multifamily complexes in Connecticut. In the state’s central region, those include the Clocktower Mill in Manchester, Eden & Main in Southington, Federation Square in West Hartford, Industrial Commons in New Britain, in Griswold Gardens in Glastonbury, Sigourney Square in Hartford and others.

Konover’s traffic consultant, F A Hesketh and Associates, wrote in a report that the 72 new apartments in Rocky Hill would add at most about 25 hourly car trips during peak morning or afternoon rush hours to the adjoining road, Marshall Road.

“These site-generated traffic volumes are relatively minor and based on the background traffic volumes of between 1,500 to 2,000 vehicles an hour, the increase should not represent a significant impact on local roadways,” according to an April 26 letter from Hesketh to the planning and zoning commission.

Rocky Hill, like many central Connecticut towns, has seen a sharp increase in apartment construction over the past two to three years. The Stepny Place property, for instance, is a little under 2 miles north of where Belfonti Companies has demolished the old Ames discount store headquarters and is planning a 213-unit apartment building.


Former Port Authority board member agrees to pay $18,500 over alleged ethics violations

Austin Mirmina

HARTFORD — The state has reached a settlement with a former Connecticut Port Authority board member who allegedly used his status on the board to secure work for a company that he partially owned.

Henry Juan, who served on the CPA Board of Directors from 2016 to 2018, agreed to pay the Connecticut Office of State Ethics $18,500 over the alleged kickback scheme. The settlement is one of the largest ever reached by the OSE, the agency stated in a news release.

The state had alleged that Juan violated two Codes of Ethics when he attempted to influence CPA staff and other members to award contracts to Seabury Maritime, a New York investment firm that Juan co-founded in 2016. The contracts related to the development of the New London State Pier.

“Misuse of public office is the precise offense that spurred the creation of the State Ethics Commission back in 1977," OSE Executive Director Peter Lewandowski said in the news release. "Now, nearly 50 years later, we are continuing this important work by ensuring that officials are not leveraging their position or knowledge for personal financial gain.

"In enforcing state ethics laws, the Office of State Ethics sends a clear message that there is no tolerance for gamesmanship in state government,” Lewandowski added.

Juan did not immediately respond to a message seeking comment that was left with his employer, Greenwich-based Strategic Rail Capital, on Monday afternoon. Juan is a president at the company, according to his LinkedIn page.

During his time on the CPA board, Juan acknowledged "on multiple occasions" that he had a conflict of interest due to his role as a managing director with Seabury Maritime, which sought to gain contracts and other business from the CPA, a quasi-public agency responsible for the marketing and development of the state's ports and maritime industry, the release stated.

Despite those admissions, the state alleged in the release, Juan used his official position "to advance Seabury Maritime’s interests in doing business with the CPA relative to the New London State Pier."

Juan resigned from the authority around Feb. 2018. Three months later, the authority controversially chose to hire Seabury Capital to help find a new pier operator. Juan's company was paid $700,000 for that work, including a $523,000 “success” or reward fee.

Had the case proceeded to a hearing, the state said it was ready to prove that Juan should have registered and filed appropriate reports for his paid efforts in 2017 and 2018 to lobby before the CPA on behalf of his employer. 

Seabury Maritime has been in trouble with the Office of State Ethics before.

In May, the firm was ordered to pay a $10,000 fine for undisclosed lobbying before the CPA. Ethics officials alleged that in 2017 and 2019, Seabury spent a total of $17,500 on lobbying before the port authority.

Under state law, lobbyists are required to register with the Office of State Ethics if they spend more than $3,000 each year, and are required to file itemized financial disclosures. State officials claim Seabury didn't adhere to either of these requirements. 

In 2022, the firm was fined $10,000 for providing gifts to employees and a port authority board member in 2017 and 2019, documents show.

A port authority employee was also fined last year for failing to disclose that Seabury gave them a ticket to a National Hockey League playoff game in Boston in May 2019.


Windsor Locks growth set for takeoff with $225M warehouse plan and incoming train station

Liese Klein

Beyond its packed front parking lot, the view from DORO’s Marketplace in Windsor Locks offers a glimpse of this small town’s challenges and opportunities — a constant stream of trucks and cars headed to and from Bradley Airport. 

“They’ve been open probably a year now and they are still on fire,” Windsor Locks First Selectman Paul Harrington said of the eatery. “You can’t get a parking spot.”

Launched first in West Hartford, the bakery-cafe draws patrons from across the region to its Windsor Locks location with its European-style fare. DORO’s is just one of the new businesses newly opened or coming soon to Windsor Locks, prompting Harrington to plan for an economic takeoff in the coming years. 

“We’ve been able to continue to grow our grand list, entice businesses and entice industry to come into town,” Harrington said, adding that Windsor Locks hasn’t raised its mill rate in eight years. 

“That’s Windsor Locks punching above its weight class,” Harrington said.

Despite housing most of the airport within its limits, Windsor Locks gets only $3.6 million a year in direct revenue from Bradley’s operations, an amount that hasn’t changed in decades. That sum barely covers the added police and fire services needed for the now-international transportation hub, with its 5.7 million passengers passing through his town every year. 

Of the nearly 2,500 acres of airport land and billions of dollars in property, Windsor Locks also gets to collect taxes only on rental cars, worth about $2 million a year to the town. 

Not that proximity to the airport is a bad thing: Windsor Locks’ location plays a major role in attracting projects like the $225 million warehouse proposed for a 76-acre expanse of a former tobacco farm at 700 Old County Road, the town’s last major parcel of undeveloped land.

Indiana developer Scannell wants to build two structures on about one-third of the property's footprint, for a total of more than a million square feet of warehouse space. The company is asking for the property to be rezoned from business to industrial, with the town having oversight over any future changes to usage. 

At a Windsor Locks Planning & Zoning Commission on Monday, consultant Mike Goman of East Hartford’s Goman+York said warehouses would be the best use of the property, once eyed for both an outlet mall and sports complex. 

“The market is very supportive of high-end industrial development,” Goman said, adding that similar properties in the region were fully leased, unlike office and retail complexes with double-digit vacancy rates. “The highest and best usage for large sites like this are high-end warehouse industrial.”

Scannell does not yet have a tenant for the warehouse but is confident it can lease it within six months.

“This is the best site, the best location there is in the whole region,” said  Daniel Madrigal, director of development for Scannell Properties.

Residents of nearby homes have expressed concern about the potential traffic and pollution from the planned new warehouse and are expected to speak at a July public hearing on the proposal. 

Airport-linked travel is fueling ambitions around the new $87 million Windsor Locks train station, which broke ground last September and is currently under construction. 

When the station opens in summer 2025, a bus will meet passengers every time the train stops in the town to take them directly to the airport, but town leaders hope the hub will also attract housing and retail. Developers are taking note of the available land around the hub and making inquiries, Harrington said: “We’re starting to see the uptick in interest.” 

The adjacent former Windsor Locks Commons shopping plaza has been emptied of tenants and is being eyed by a developer for a 75-unit apartment complex. Land across the street from the new station is also for sale, with proposals for a walkable neighborhood that meets the state’s transit-oriented development goals.

The town hasn’t completely escaped recent economic headwinds: Manufacturer Serta Simmons Bedding announced in April it would close its Windsor Locks factory and lay off 157 workers. The state is looking to claw back part of an $8 million loan it gave to Serta in 2015 to move some of its operations to Connecticut. 

On the positive side, the owners of Windsor-based Bear's Smokehouse BBQ bought a 24,436-square-foot industrial building at 24 King Spring Road in June as part of expansion plans. 

As it prepares for future development, Windsor Locks is also suffering through some growing pains. 

In a recent example, the presentation at Town Hall on Monday of plans for the new warehouse on Old County Road was interrupted by an unruly crowd gathered to debate a proposed new policy on the keeping of chickens. 

The town fire marshal interrupted a technical discussion on the warehouse plan to stop the meeting as dozens of poultry-mad residents crowded the meeting room in excess of 150-person capacity limits and spilled into the hallway.

Some riled-up chicken partisans responded to the fire marshal’s ruling with loud grumbling and a shout of “Bullshit!” 

Votes on both the warehouse and chicken issues were continued until the planning commission’s July meeting. 


Biotech development is reshaping New Haven here's why

Vincent Gabrielle

The third floor of the Pierce Lab, a philanthropic research organization in New Haven, underwent a major change during the pandemic. The old lab space where volunteers pushed their bodies to the limits for Project Daedalus, a human powered aircraft experiment, were gutted and renovated into a biotech incubator, New Haven Innovation Labs.

The result is a glimpse of a new economic engine transforming New Haven as science labs and fledgling biotech companies grow and expand. Already, two companies that started at the innovation labs have moved on to larger spaces in Connecticut.

“In the year they’ve been here the companies have raised over $20 million and added 38 employees,” said Kim Kelly, vice president at Biotech, a nonprofit that supports bioscience growth that is working with New Haven Innovation Labs. “That’s a good statistic.”

Just up the street, construction is nearing completion on the 101 College Street laboratory tower. The biotech industry has physically reshaped downtown New Haven. It’s hard not to feel as if Boston or Cambridge Massachusetts’s Kendall Square has sprouted here.

Twenty years ago, there was barely any private lab space in New Haven proper. West Haven was still home to the Bayer campus. The startup scene wasn’t really present, and the site of the new lab tower was a highway spur. Now there are more than two million square feet of lab space in New Haven. Yale alone spins off roughly ten startups every year from its massive patent portfolio. Biotech is booming.

According to analysis by AdvanceCT, a nonprofit economic development group, Connecticut ranks second in academic bioscience investment and third in bioscience venture capital funding. The state has the fourth highest number of bioscience patents. New Haven anchors a substantial portion of the state's biotech real estate market.

“All of this creates momentum,” said John Bourdeaux head of business development for Advance CT. “The investments that have been made in the past and will continue to be made in New Haven will have a magnifying effect statewide. That will spill over into adjacent towns and throughout the state as well.”

New Haven also happens to be in the middle of two major biotech hubs, Boston and New York, with lab space costs that are roughly half to roughly a third of the cost. Cost of living is also cheaper here, relative to other biotech hubs.

“There’s this misperception that if someone moves to Connecticut for a role (in biotech) and the company goes bust they’re not going to find another opportunity. But there’s much more happening here than people understand” said Jodie Gillion, CEO of BioCT, which worked to help develop the innovation labs. “There’s this budding ecosystem.”

A city that makes sense

The parcel at 101 College Street was reclaimed as part of the Downtown Crossing Project, a partnership between city, state, and private actors to reconnect downtown New Haven to the Yale Medical School campus using a biotech industry cluster. Downtown Crossing used to be the Route 34 expressway, a highway spur that divided this area in half.

As Route 34 came down, replaced by frontage roads, shining laboratory towers went up. 100 College street is home to a 14 story tower divided between Alexion and Yale. 101 College Street will house local companies Arvinas, Alexion Pharmaceuticals and 58,000 square feet of incubator space.

“Boston is amazing but it’s super expensive,” said Dr. Ranjit Bindra, a professor of radiation oncology at Yale and serial biotech entrepreneur. He rattled off the transit options, the music and restaurant scene and the travelling theater companies that come through. “You want a place with a good cost of living and good access to Boston and New York … schools living by the shoreline. Mix that all together and you can see why this makes sense.”

Meanwhile at New Haven Innovation Labs, researchers working out of the medical campus can rush across the road to check on their startups.

“There’s been a big push in the city of New Haven and state of Connecticut to have people stay here and do science here instead of rolling out of Yale and leaving,” said Chris Vandola, operations director for the lab space. “We wanted to get involved with that.”

BioCT, a partner with the New Haven Innovation Lab, is a professional organization that represents the Connecticut biotech industry. They also provide discounts, networking, and a pair of incubators, one in New Haven and one on the Pfizer campus in Groton to members.

“We want it to be a turnkey so they can move in and just start,” said Kim Kelly vice president of BioCT's incubators. She ran through a laundry list of expenses including specialty equipment and insurance. The renovation at New Haven Innovation Labs took about $1.5 million to get the labs up to modern spec. They range in size from small, shared lab benches to 1,000 square foot private spaces.

Kelly said that BioCT’s incubators were designed to be turn-key. “It allows them to stretch their capital. If they had to build their own space the VCs are not interested in that for an early-stage company.”

Partnership with Yale

But the growth of biotech in the city was not a foregone conclusion. It is a product of material conditions and cultivation by public and private actors. To understand why New Haven became a biotech hub we need to go back to the 90s.

In the early to mid-90s Yale didn’t have a formal technology licensing apparatus or staff dedicated to technology transfer. That would change by 2000 with a dedicated process to help researchers spin technologies off into the private sector.

This coincided with major technological changes. The Human Genome Project was wrapping up. Biology was just starting to experience a rapid boom in new techniques to accelerate and intensify research. The stage was getting set.

“There was a company called Curagen, the granddaddy of all the life sciences companies,” said Robert H. Motley senior director of Cushman and Wakefield, a commercial real estate company. “They struck a billion dollar licensing deal … that was the wake up call that life sciences was going to be a big deal in Connecticut.”

At around same time, Yale got in touch with developer Carter Winstanley, who had been working in the Cambridge area developing lab space.

“They expressed an interest in having a partner in town who could create private sector life science space in close proximity to the university,” said Winstanley. “These companies are formed off science coming out of the university, so there’s a highly collaborative environment in place.”

The first building Winstanley identified was an old telecom building at 300 George Street. He converted this half-a-million square foot building into 5,000 square foot incubator lab spaces. As those spaces filled up Winstanley and Yale looked for more candidates.

New Haven had a significant stock of buildings that were compatible with the heavy machinery required to for a lab setup.

“In the early 2000 everyone who owned a commercial building was throwing their hat in the ring saying I can do life science,” said Motley. “But the reality is that 95-98 percent of these owners have no idea what’s involved.”

Unlike a traditional tech company, where you can start out with some computers and desks in a room, biotech has demanding physical needs.  Motley ran through a list. Labs need a lot of power, advanced HVAC, gas, suction and floors that can bare heavy equipment. Lots of office buildings just can’t accommodate these things. New Haven could.

What is now Science Park was the Winchester Firearms manufacturing campus. Those buildings, Motley explained, were built with strong, vibration-resistant floors, and could accommodate massive HVAC systems. They also happened to be cheap to buy.

“With an old factory building you could take all that ductwork and run it through an old freight elevator shaft,” said Motely. “Or you’d take these massive exhaust systems and bolt them to the side of the building, signaling to the neighborhood Hey I’m a Life Science Building.”

These spaces paved the way for biotech startups to stay in New Haven. While many of the initial class of those startups have gone under, or were bought out, others have put down roots. In the case of Alexion, it was both purchased by Astra Zeneca and left intact as a research department.

“These companies that spun out of Yale really started to stoke the fire of biotech development,” said Dr. Bindra. “Once you get those big anchors it becomes easier and easier for other companies spinning out of Yale to stay in New Haven.”

This created more demand for lab space. Winstanley recounted a conversation with a startup tenant of his at 300 George. The tenant pointed across the Route 34 Expressway to the medical school.

“He looked at me and said, our success depends on the scientists in that building coming over here for lunch, looking through our microscope and letting us know if we’re headed in the right direction,” recalled Winstanley. “If you put me down on Long Warf that’s never going to happen.”

New Haven escaped the biotech crunch that hit the larger hubs in Boston and San Francisco this year. Growth here has been steady. But everyone agrees that there remain some real challenges to keep the momentum going.

Housing, for one, could hold back the biotech wave now boosting New Haven.

While New Haven leads the state in terms of new apartment construction, it’s still not enough. According to reporting in the New Haven Independent last year, there was a 8,300 unit shortfall for low-income renters and a 3,200 unit shortfall for higher income renters. Suburbs have not kept up with the pace of New Haven’s development. Winstanley said that the amount of residential development wasn’t enough.

“There’s a real need for cost-effective residential options,” said Winstanley. “I don’t think we have enough out there and there’s got to be affordable opportunities as well.”

Winstanley was adamant that the growth of biotech wasn’t just about bringing jobs to the city.

“I want kids walking out of this building feeling like they are entitled to the jobs here, that they are comfortable with these jobs,” said Winstanley. “I want them to graduate and come back and work in the building that their mom or dad built.”

He pointed at the connections 101 College Street would have to the New Haven public school system, a scholarship program, and the Biopath program at Gateway Community College and Southern Connecticut State University.

“We see internship postings that say students need two years of experience. Students ask, how am I supposed to do that,” said Peter Dimoulas grant program administrator for BioPath. “That’s where we come in.”

BioPath has in the past year placed 38 students in jobs and internships. They also provide financial support to students trying to enter biotech through scholarships. They’ve been working with the New Haven public school system to get local kids excited about biotech.

“The students go into those labs, behind the proverbial steel and glass panes to see what’s going on,” said Dimoulas. “And they imagine, hey, I could do that.”